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Pan-Africanism is an ideology and movement that encourages the solidarity of Africans worldwide.〔(Dictionary.com = a basic definition of Pan-Africanism. ) Accessed 13 September 2012.〕 It is based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress and aims to "unify and uplift" people of African descent.〔Frick, Janari, et al. (2006), (''History: Learner's Book'' ), p. 235, South Africa: New Africa Books.〕 The ideology asserts that the fate of all African peoples and countries are intertwined. At its core Pan-Africanism is "a belief that African peoples, both on the continent and in the diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny".〔Makalani, Minkah (2011), ("Pan-Africanism" ). Africana Age.〕 The Organization of African Unity (now the African Union) was established in 1963 to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its Member States and to promote global relations within the framework of the United Nations.〔(About the African Union ).〕 The African Union Commission has its seat in Addis Ababa and the Pan-African Parliament has its seat in Johannesburg and Midrand. ==Overview== Pan-Africanism stresses the need for "collective self-reliance".〔("The objectives of the PAP" ), The Pan-African Parliament - 2014 and beyond.〕 Pan-Africanism exists as a governmental and grassroots objective. Pan-African advocates include leaders such as Haile Selassie, Ahmed Sekou Toure, Kwame Nkrumah and Muammar Gaddafi, grassroots organizers such as Marcus Garvey and Malcolm X, academics such as W. E. B. Du Bois, and others in the diaspora.〔Goebel, (''Anti-Imperial Metropolis'' ), pp. 250-278.〕〔Maguire, K., ("Ghana re-evaluates Nkrumah" ), GlobalPost, 21 October 2009. Accessed 13 September 2012.〕 Solidarity will enable self-reliance, allowing the continent's potential to independently provide for its people to be fulfilled. Crucially, an all-African alliance would empower African people globally. The realization of the Pan-African objective would lead to "power consolidation in Africa", which "would compel a reallocation of global resources, as well as unleashing a fiercer psychological energy and political assertion...that would unsettle social and political (power) structures...in the Americas".〔Agyeman, O. (1998), ''Pan-Africanism and Its Detractors: A Response to Harvard's Race Effacing Universalists''.〕 United, African nations will have the economic, political and social clout to act and compete on the world stage as do other large entities, such as the European Union and the United States. Advocates of Pan-Africanism – i.e. "Pan-Africans" or "Pan-Africanists" - often champion socialist principles and tend to be opposed to external political and economic involvement on the continent. Critics accuse the ideology of homogenizing the experience of people of African descent. They also point to the difficulties of reconciling current divisions within countries on the continent and within communities in the diaspora.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pan-Africanism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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